Genus Pachyteria Serville

Pachyteria Serville, 1833, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2 : 553 (type-species : Cerambyx fasciata Fabr., 1775) loc. cit. - Gahan, 1906b, Fauna British India, Col., 1: 194, - Aurivillius, 1912, Coleopt. Cat., 39: 299.

Diagnostic characters : head triangular, elongated in front and narrow below eyes; mandible straight, inner margin parallel to body axis, outer margin tapering towards apex; clypeus prolonged in front, ending with a narrow membranous epistome; raised between antennal insertion, anterior-posteriorly convex; antennae stout, as long as body in , much shorter in ; antennal segments sharpely angulate at apex and usually carinate laterally; prothorax constricted at apex and base, side tuberculate; elytra distinctively narrower towards apex, rounded; has 6 abdominal segments, the last two emarginate; 5 abdominal segment in , the last segment rounded, usually exposed.

Key to species of Pachyteria in Sarawak

1.     5 - 6 apical segments of antennae  black ...........................…………….. 2
5 - 6 apical segments of antennae yellow ............………....…..……….. 6

2(1) Elytra mono-color .........…………………..…..........……………....……3
Elytra bi-color .....................………………….......…………………......4

3(2) Antennal segment 3 - 5 pale yellow; entire prothorax magenta; elytra and legs chalybeate; elytra glossy, tomentose patch oblong-oval behind middle - ruficollis WATERHOUSE, 1878
Antennal segment 3 - 6 yellow; prothorax and elytra velutinous, black tinge with chalybeate green; entire elytra tomentose except for a narrow             longitudinal submedian stripe - moultoni AURIVILLIUS, 1910

4(2) Scape and segment 2 - 6 testaceous; legs fusco-testaceous or ochraceous. ............................................................................................................ 5
Scape and segment 2 black; 3 - 5 yellow; 6 mixture of yellow at base and    black at apical half, 7 - 11 black - samarahanensis sp. nov. 

5(4) Head and prothorax ochraceous, apical and basal constriction of the latter black, pronotum of black; 2/3 of elytra ochraceous, apical 1/3 black; apex of elytra rounded; legs including coxae entirely pure ochraceous - apicalis VAN DE POLL, 1889
Head and prothorax blackish fuscous; basal half of elytra testaceous, glossy, apical half black; apex of epytra truncate; fore and mid femora castaneous, tinge with fuscous; basal peduncle and apex of hind femora castaneous, subapical portion pitchy; tibiae fusco-testaceous - bicolor PARRY, 1849

6(1) Basal half of elytra yellow or testaceous, apical half black …………….....7
Elytra entirely black with a broad transverse yellow band at middle ......... 8

7(6)  Pronotum transversely subparallel, rugose; sometimes glabrous medianly in ; scutellum black; yellowish half on elytra glossy, sparsely punctulate; fore intercoxal process acutely inclinate in front, vertical at posterior end - basalis WATERHOUSE, 1878 
Pronotum and yellowish basal half of elytra closely and coarsely punctate;  scutellum testaceous, black at periphery; fore intercoxal process gradually inclinate in front and moderately convex at posterior . - batesi RITSEMA, 1893

8(6) Side of prothorax bituberculate, middle one pointed broad-based conical while anterior one more of a blunt and dented protubercance at its top; scutellum triangular, apex attenuate; mandible very long; elytra apex truncate with angular cusp, transverse band clear; fore intercoxal process acutely inclinate in front and posterior - dimidiata WESTWOOD, 1848
Side of prothorax acutely tuberculate; scutellum linguiform, apex rounded; mandible short; elytral apex conjointly rounded, transverse yellowish band with a black dot; fore intercoxal process subhorizontal, depressed between coxae - flavofasciata sp. nov.

Pachyteria ruficollis WATERHOUSE

Mouth parts testa-castanous, two terminal segments of labial palpi black; head, antennal scape and segment 2, scutellum, elytra, femora, tibiae and tarsus chalybeate; epistome glossy castaneous; antennal segment 3 - 5 and condyle of 2 pallide-flavens, 6 - 11 black, all with pubescence of homogeneous color; protborax including prosternum magenta except dorsal of apical and basal subannular ridge that is chalybeate; posterior of fore intercoxal process, meso- and metasternum. and abdominal sternit chalybeate with dense slivery pubescence.

Head longer than prothorax; totally denudate; much narrower than prothorax, attenuate; mandible punctulate, long, hastiform, tip acutely curved, sides abruptly deflexed; labrum above mandible, large, tranverse, notched in front; segment 2 of maxillary palpi strongly dilated and calathiform, 3 & 5 very short and retuse; clypeus flat, coarsely punctate, side conjoin with gena and somewhat ridged; frons concavely depressed, suture with clypeus obsolete; strongly raised between antennal insertion with a median groove and a deep fovea behind, coarsely punctate; neck punctate. Antenna reaching elytral apex in ; scape dentate ectoapically, subasperate, coarsely punctate; remaining segments mat, densely pubescent; 3 longest, twice as long as scape, subcylindrical; 4 & 5 bicarinate, laterally and ventrally; 6 - 11 four-sided, tricarinate (dorsal, ventral and lateral), acuminate from carinae into ectoapical spine or serrate. Prothorax wider than long; strongly constricted at apex and base; transversely groove behind apical annular ridge; lateral tubercle distinctive, conical, tip pointed; pronotum, swollen, vertically elevated near base; disc smooth, sparsely punctate; anterior portion of prosternum dilated, inclined posteriorly until same level as the raised coxae. Scutellum triangular; apex pointed; grooved medianly. Elytron 4 X as long as broadest part at base; distinctively narrow towards apex; apex rounded; disc smooth, sparsely punctate except for a submedian tomentose oblong-oval patch behind middle; a premarginal carina along epipleuron that extenuate upon apex. Legs : fore coxae globular; apical half of fore femora subclavate and dilated anteriorly, ventral margin sinuate; mid femora clavate, pedunculate at base, coarsely punctate, ventral setose; hind femora slender, 1/3 extended beyong elytral apex; finely punctulate; tibiae strongly compressed; fore and mid tibiae carinate at ventral; hind tibiae finely punctulate, base weakly canaliculate, apical spurs parallel to tibiae axis, outer spine much larger than inner one.

Measurement : Length 24.6 - 30.0 mm (); breadth 6.0 - 7.1 mm () 

Distribution : Sarawak

Known habitat : riverine secondary forest with plantation with primary forest close by; another specimen was observed on Meranti branches during daytime in a primary peat swamp forest.

Material examined : 3 [421] Kpg. Teh, Mukah, Sibu Div., 18.V.1995, Meekiong Kalu (UNIMAS Coll.); Kuching, III.1914 (SM Coll.); Matang (3600ft), VI. 1900 (SM Coll.).

Pachyteria moultoni AURIVILLIUS

Mandible black, base metallic green; head ater tinge with chalybeate to metallic grenish-blue; frons, vertex and neck with atropurpureus tomentum; antennal condyle glossy ochraceous; antennal scape black with chalybeate; segment 3 - 5 entirely yellowish-helvus; apex of segment 6 and entire 7 - 11 black; prothorax with chalybeate as ground color; pronotum densely covered with blackish tomentum giving prothorax a blackish look; scutellum black, tomentose; elytra chalybeate-black as ground color, densely covered with ferugineous tomentum; each elytron with a median metallic blue-green longitudinal stripe; undersurfaces blackish metallic blue-green with evenly distributed whitish pubescence; legs chalybeate; dense pitchy pubescence on femora; tawny pubescence on tibiae.

Head vertical in front; 1/4 apex of mandible abruptly bent; front margin of labrum sinuate, side lobed; clypeus prolonged into 1/4 base of mandible, posterior half depressed, punctate; clypeus marked off with frons by a T-shaped sulcus that extended posteriorly as a median groove between antennal insertion; gula striated, striation crescentric and wide. Antenna slightly longer than body in , segment 9 reaching elytral apex; scape punctulate; 3 thicken at apex, 2.5 X as long as scape; 4+5 united as long as 3; 3 - 5 thinly clothed with opaque micro-pubescence; 6 -10 sharply angulate ectoapically. Prothorax wider than long; lateral tubercle blunt; widest at tuberculated middle, gradually narrow towards apex and base from tubercle; disc entirely tomentose except narrow median stripe and a small triangular patch behind apical constriction. Elytron 4 X as long as broad; parallel and gradually rounded; dehiscent at 1/3 apex; tip broadly rounded from both side; disc densely tomentose. Legs : fore and middle femora subclavate, slightly dilated at apex; hind femora moderately compressed, gradually widen towards apex.

Measurement : Length 21.0 - 24.0 mm (); breadth 6.0 - 7.0 mm () 

Distribution : Sarawak

Material examined : 2 Matang, Kuching Div., date unknown, Hewitts coll. (SM Coll.); Matang (3600 ft), Kuching Div., VI. 1898 (SM Coll.).

Pachyteria samarahanensis sp. nov.

Head as long as prothorax, roughen; mandible only feebly exserted, coarsely reticulo-punctate; labrum. and clypeus sunken, much longer than broad; labrum. transverse; epistome corneous, same size as labrum; clypeus irregularly punctate, somewhat exasperate with two median tubercles; frons short, vertical with a Y-shaped sulcus that terminate between upper eye lobe; gula transversely cicatricose; strongly raised between antennal insertion, coarsely and closely punctate, punctures piliferous; inner margin of antennifer tuberculate; vertex and neck very short, asperate, deeply reticulo-punctate; temple and ventral of ocular punctate-striate. Antenna robust, mat, punctulate and densely with minute pubescence; 1/2 as long as body in ; scape widen at apex, punctate; 3 twice as long as scape, extremely accrescent; 4 & 5 subequal; diameter at apex of segment 3 - 5 decreased successively; 6 - 10 acuminate ectoapically into sharp tooth or serration with few rigid setae; apex of last segment setiferous. Prothorax shorter than broad; apex as wide as base, the later slightly constricted; side tuberculate at middle and a blunt protuberance in the anterior, tubercle rounded; disc planate, poriferous, punctures deep and setiferous, interstice reticular; blackish area setose; intercoxal of prosternum not acutely inclinate. Scutellum infundibuliform, narrower at 1/3 of apex. Elytron 5 X as long as the widest part; gradually narrow towards apex, rounded; disc with 3 obscure embeded costulate, one at side and two at dorsal, the later united in the blackish area; yellowish portion cereous or amber-liked, compactly intricate with scattered robust setae on microgroove; blackish portion closely and finely punctulate and punctulate, piliferous. Legs : fore coxae not strongly raised; all femora coarsely punctate, setose; hind femora asperous, not reaching elytral apex; hind tibiae compressed, incurved, basal 2/3 coarsely punctate and remaining finely punctulate, both apical spines small.

Holotype (UNIMAS Coll.) [468] Unimas campus, Samarahan Div., 11.IX.1995, Azman. Length 39.8 mm; breadth 9.3 mm.

Distribution : Sarawak

Known habitat : secondary peat swamp forest

Pachyteria apicalis VAN DE POLL.

Entire head ochraceous except tip of mandible black; antennal segment 1 - 6 ochraceous, apical-dorsal of 6 with a black tip; 7 - 11 black; prothorax ochraceous except apical and basal constriction and annular band anterior of prosternum black; scutellum black; 2/3 base of elytra ochraceous, 1/3 apex black; disc with sparse minute glistering golden pubescence according to light; prosternum of ochraceous, entirely black in ; meso- and metasternum black, sparsely with slivery micropubescence and tawny bristles; abdomen reddish-castaneous, latero-posterior of 1 & 2 abdominal segments with a dense slivery lustre; entire legs including coxae and tarsus ochraccous.

Head strongly raised between antennal insertion, convex anterior-posterior with a median groove that extenuate before base of mandible; labrum as long as prolonged portion of clypeus, sparsely punctate at base; clypeus impunctate and transversly sunken at posterior; gula narrow, transversely and oblong-oval reticulo-punctate. Antenna shorter than body in both sexes; segment 9 reaching boarder of blackish apical patch in , segment 11 barely reaching it in ; scape sharply tuberculate extoapically; 3 - 5 acutely thicken at apex; 3 longest; 4 - 5 bicarinate laterally, inner boarder roundly curved, outer one 3-sided; 6 - 10 tricannate, 4-sided, angulated ectoapically. Prothorax longer than broad; anterior of pronotum depressed; base strongly constricted; lateral strongly spined a little behind middle; margin from tip of spine to basal constriction acutely inclinate, margin to the anterior expanded or bulging, dorsal of pronotum elevated; disc reticulo-punctate to puncto-striate. Elytron 5 X as long as broad; subparallel, gradually narrow towards apex; apex conjointly rounded; disc convex to side, closely punctulate-striate. Legs : femora glossy, scattered punctulate; tibiae finely and sparsely punctulate; first hind tarsal segment 1.5 X as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 34.0 - 40.0 mm (); 37.0 mm (); 
Breadth 9.0 - 11.0 mm (); 10.0 mm ()

Distribution : Sarawak; Sabah.

Material examined : 5 Bukit Jabong, near Puak, Miri Div., 22.IV.1911 (SM Coll.); Kuching, Kuching Div., V.1898 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., VI.1900 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., VI.1900 (SM Coll); Matang (3600 ft), Kuching Div., 21.III.1910 (SM Coll.); 1 Matang (3600ft), Kuching Div., VI. 1900 (SM Coll.).

Pachyteria bicolor PARRY

Mouth parts, labrum and aclypeus testaceous; mandible, anterior of gena and antennifer castaneous, remaining area of head glossy black; antennal segment 1 - 6 ochraceous, 7 - 11 black; entire prothorax black with fuscous tomentum especially side of median; scutellum black; basal half of elytra ochraceous, apical half chalybeate-black; pubescence on the former yellowish opaque, fuscous on the latter; undersurfaces black, tinge with chalybeate, with yellowish slivery micro-pubescence, more aggregrated on anterior-lateral of metasternum, episternum of metathorax, hind coxae and latero-posterior of abdominal segment 1 & 2; fore and hind femora castanoous tinged with fuscous; basal peduncle and apex of hind femora castaneous, remaining pitchy; tibiae and tarsus ochraceous.

Head strongly raised between antennal insertion, concave side to side; gena somewhat prolonged, glossy, punctate; posterior of clypeus only feebly depressed, forming a concavity with frons, punctate. Antenna shorter than body in , extended beyond 2/3 of elytra; scape spine ectoapically, glossy and sparsely punctate; external margin of 3 - 5 incurved; 4 - 5 carinate in this curvature; 6 - 10 angulate ectoapically. Prothorax distinctively longer than broad; a transverse groove in front; base strongly constricted; pronotum moderately elevated, sulcus with side of prothorax very conspicuous, closely and strongly punctate, punctures piliferous; the latter strongly expanded and dilated with a sharp tubercle behind middle, clearly and uniformly punctate, impubis. Elytron 5 X as long as broad; dorsal planate; humeral angle obscure; disc densely punctate, piliferous; side parallel, only narrowed at apex; apex truncate. Legs : femora subfusiform, moderately compressed, base feebly pedunculate; first hind tarsal segment about 1.5 X as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 38.0 - 42.0 mm (); breadth 10.0 - 12.0 mm () 

Distribution : Sarawak; Java.

Note : one specimen with the side of prothorax not much dilated, impunctate but plicate circumscribed lateral spine, and prosternum transversely striate.

Material examined: 3 Bukit Jabong, near Puak, Miri Div., 22.IV.1911 (SM Coll.); Matang (3600 ft), IV. 1900 (SM Coll.); Matang Road, Kuching Div., 30.III.1912 (SM Coll.).

Pachyteria basalis WATERHOUSE

Maxillary palpi testaceous; labial palpi fuscous; head entirely black, sometimes with metallic green tinge; antennal segment 1 - 5 black, 3 - 5 with dense velvety fuscous pubescence; 6 - 11 yellow; prothorax margenta; anterior of prosternum and around coxae glossy metallic greenish-black; scutellum black; basal half of elytra glossy ochraceous; apical half greenish-chalybeate with dense blackish tomentum; undersurfaces black tinge with metallic green, velutinous slivery pubescence on mesosternum, hind coxae, latero-posterior of abdominal segment 1 - 4; legs black, femora tinge with chalybeate.

Head with a median groove between upper eye lobe that terminate before clypeus in front; area between antennal insertion concave, raised, setaceous; clypeus oblique with frons and depressed, usually with 2 rounded protuberance side of median just below frons; gena very much narrower than external margin of eyes. Antenna shorter than body in both sexes, at most as long as elytra in ; scape moderately to strongly asperated; 3 - 5 densely tomentose, this being absent on remaining segments; 3 canaliculate ectoapically; 4 - 5 feebly tricarinate; 6 - 10 tricarinate and 4-sided. Prothorax longer than broad; apex s wide as base; the former with a annular ring at anterior margin and a transverse groove behind it; base constricted, constriction wide, glabrous; side sharply tuberculate; pronotum glabrous, transversely rugose, sometimes interrupted medianly and with scattered punctures. Scutellum bare, glabrous, narrowly attenuate towards apex. Elytron 4 X as long as broad; distinctively narrow towards apex; tip feebly dehiscent; sparsely punctulate on yellowish basal portion; densely punctulate on blackish apical half, very pubescent. Legs : femora coarsely punctate, punctures on mid and hind pairs oblong-oval; hind tibiae with ventral carina along its whole length; first hind tarsal segment as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 23.0 - 35.0 mm (); 32.0 - 37.0 mm ()
Breadth 7.0 - 10.5 mm (); 9.5 - 11.0 mm ()

Distribution : Sarawak.

Note : antennal length not much different between and except for few specimens that showed distinctive variations. One specimen has the pronotum closely and densely punctured beside transversely rugose and very pubescent scutellum.

Material examined : 7 Matang (93600 ft), Kuching Div., VI. 1898 (SM Coll.); Matang (3600 ft), Kuching Div., VI, 1898 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., 11.III.1898 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., VI.1900 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., III.1898 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., 21.V.1910 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., VI.1900 (SM Coll.); 5 Matang, Kuching Div., IV.1902 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., IV.1902 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., VI. 1900 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., VI.1900 (SM Coll.); Matang, Kuching Div., III.1898 (SM Coll.).

Pachyteria batesi RITSEMA

Entire head black, neck tinge with magenta; mouth parts testaceous; antennal segment 1 - 4 entirely black, densely with black tomentum except scape; dorsal of segment 5 black, tomentose, ventral yellow and subpubescent; 6 - 11 yellow; prothorax magenta, anterior of prosternum and around coxae black; scutellum. testaceous, periphery black; basal half of elytra ochraceous, apical half black with blackish tomentum; meso- and metasternum blackish with violaceous tinge; abdomen blackish-magenta; latero-posterior of abdominal segment 1 - 4 with silvery lustre; legs black, tibiae with dense fuscous setae.

Head only moderately raised, median groove obscure; labrum transverse; alypeus and frons at same plane, planate, shallowly punctate; gena short. Antenna shorter than body in ; scape granulo-punctate, feebly canaliculate latero-dorsal near base; 3 longest, 2 X as long as scape, external margin widely canaliculate; 4 - 7 subequal, as long as scape; 8 - 11 subequal; 5 - 10 strongly tricarinate, each ending as sharp cusp, one ectoapical and the other 2 at dorsal and ventral respectively. Prothorax hexagonal; side feebly tuberculate; crescentric depression behind apical margin; base constricted, constriction narrow; pronotum coarsely puncto-striate; fore intercoxal process almost horizontal. Scutellum triangular, glabrous. Elytron 4 X as long as broad; disc convex; deflexion only at yellowish portion, side gradually curved at blackish part; the former closely and coarsely puncture, the latter densely but finely punctulate, very pubescence; parallel, gradually curved at 1/4 from apex; dehiscent at about the same point; apex narrowly rounded from both side. Legs : fomora densely punctate, setaceous; tibiae very setaceous at apical half.

Measurement : Length 18.0 mm (); breadth 5.5 mm ()
Distribution: Sarawak
Material examined: 1 Matang Road, Kuching Div., 12.XI.1915 (SM Coll.).

Pachyteria dimidiata WESTWOOD

Mouth parts castaneous; entire head black, mat; antennal segment 1 - 5 black with dense fuscous tomentum; 6 - 11 yellow; prothorax entirely black; pronotum with 2 fuscous tomentose patches side of median; scutellum black; elytra black with a broad transverse yellow band at middle; blackish part with dense dark-fuscous tomentum; undersurfaces entirely pitchy; legs black.

Head with gena and mandible strongly exserted; mandible very long, external margin vertical; labrum roundly notched at middle; clypeus trapezoid, punctate; frons vertical, raised between antennal insertion, with a deep median groove; antennifer tomentose. Antenna shorter than body in , extended to 2/3 of elytra; scape wider towards apex, spined ectoapically, closely punctulate and tomentose; 3 longest, as long as 4+5 united; 3 - 5 also very tomentose; 4 & 5 feebly carinate externally, apex not angulate; 6 - 10 tricarinate, angulated ectoapically. Prothorax narrower than elytra, even at the widest part at lateral tubercle; side with a broad-based conical tubercle at middle and a blunt protuberance in front; the latter dented or crateriform; base constricted; pronotum with a weak depression behind apical margin; each side of median with a tomentose patch; fore intercoxal process broad, acutely inclinate in front and posterior. Scutellum sharply attenuate towards apex. Elytron 5 X as long as broad; distinctively narrowed towards apex; apex truncate, emarginate with a weak angular cusp; disc very tomentose on blackish part; subglabrous and finely punctulate on yellowish portion; the latter same width as the basal blackish band; the apical band 2 X as long as the yellowish one; epipleura of elytra thicken but extenuate behind the median band. Legs : femora punctate, punctures concentrate at apex; tibiae carinate ventrally.

Measurement : Length 29.0 mm (); breadth 9.0 mm ()
Distribution : Sarawak; Assam; Laos; Thailand; Peninsular Malaysia.
Known habitat : in clearings 
Host : Streblus asper (Gressitt & Rondon, 1970) 
Material examined : 1 Matang, Kuching Div., VI. 1900 (SM Coll.)

Pachyteria flavofasciata sp. nov.

Head slender triangular; mandible very much elongated, corneous, puntulate, acuminate, roundly truncate, molar rectilinear; labrum transverse, punctate, feebly notched in front, side crispate; epistome obsolete; clypeus strongly exserted, anterior abruptly narrow and abscissus, coarsely reticulo-punctate; gena subvertical, forming acute angle with clypeus; frons vertical, coarsely punctate with a short sulcus at each side near ocular margin, punctures became coarser around antennifer; raised between antennal insertion, concave with a median; medianly carinulate between upper eye lobe; frons, vertex and neck strigose. Antenna extended to 2/3 of elytra; arrangement of pubescence rimose; scape coarsely punctate externally and punctulate internally; 3 slender or cylindrical, very long, 2.5 X as long as scape; 5 - 10 feebly tri-carinate at apex of each segment, external one conspicuous, ectoapical weakly dentate; last segment semi-rhomboid. Prothorax hexagonal from above; side with obstuse and rounded tubercle; pronotum swollen especially near posterior end; disc reticulo-punctate, sparsely setose, anterior of median with a triangular patch of dense decumbent tomentum; prosternum and intercoxal process horizontal, pilose. Scutellum broad, linguiform. Elytron 5 X as long as the broadest part; narrower and gradually curved at apex, not dehiscent; disc rimose, pubescence compact and subparallel arranged; hind boarder of transverse band sinuate. Legs : femora coarsely punctate, slightly asperate and reticulo-punctate especially the two hind pairs; tip of hind femora extended beyond elytral apex in ; tibiae carinate at ventral; fore tibiae short, a littler shorter than fore femur; spurs on hind tibiae divaricate, ensiform.

Holotype (UNIMAS Coll.) [541] Sedilo Forest Reserve, Simunjan, Samarahan Div., 3.XI.1995, C. K. Lim & Wahap Marni. Length 25.1 mm ; breadth 6.4 mm ()

Distribution : Sarawak.

Known habitat : old secondary peat swamp forest