Genus Xoanodera Pascoe

Xoanodera Pascoe, 1857, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser 2, 4 : 92 (type-species :  X. trigona Pasc., 1857) loc. cit. 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser 3, 3 : 526 - 527 - Lacordaire, 1869, Gen. Coleopt., 8 : 269 loc. cit. -Gahan, 1906b, Fauna British India,  Col. 1 : 148. - Gressitt & Rondon, 1970, Pac. Ins. Monogr, 24 : 88

Lajoyeia Picard, 1933, Mel. Exot.-Ent., 61 : 10 (type-species: L. interrupta Pic, 1933) loc. cit.

Diagnostic characters : head triangular; antennae stout, slightly longer than body in male, shorter in female; antennal segment 5 -10 expanded externally and sharply angulate ectoapically; prothorax as wide as head, both narrower than elytra; posterior end of fore intercoxal process vertical, dilated and tuberculate at deflexation; fore coxal cavity weakly angulate externally, closed posteriorly; elytra parallel, truncate and bidentate; its basal half deeply and coarsely puncture, finer and denser towards apex. Subgenus Xonodera with elytra overhanging subapically and a distinctive posterior submarginal carina which are both absent in Subgenus Lajoyeia.

Note : Gressitt (1970) proposed that Lajoyeia Pic. be reduced to subgeneric: level based on the present or absent of posterior submarginal carina as mentioned above. This divided the Bornean representative into both subgenera as shown in the keys below.

Key to species of Xoanodera in Sarawak

1.   Elytra not overhanging; submarginal carina absent; pronotum. rugose; mandible narrower than genal margin; antennae stout; prosternal. intercoxal process feebly tuberculate (subgenus Lajoyeia) ...................................... 2
Subapical of elytra overhanging over abdoment; posterior end with prominent submarginal carina; pronotum with longitudinal ridges; mandible parallel with genal margin; antennae fairly slender; prosternal intercoxal process tuberculate. (subgenus Xoanodera) - regularis GAHAN, 1906

2(1) Pale tawny pubescences on prothorax and elytra more intense and extensive; antennae covered with dense agentate pubescences; prothorax clearly longer than broad - bintuluensis sp. nov.
Pubescences on prothorax and elytra less extensive, with a distinctive submarginal stripe that abrubtly bent inwards at suture; antennal segment 5 - 10 scarely covered with pubescences; prothorax as long as broad - striata GRESSITT & RONDON, 1970

Xoanodera (Xoanodera) regularis GAHAN

Body fuscous with sparse tawny pubescence on head; antennae evenly and densely covered with tawny pubescence; disc of prothorax bare, side and prosternum with dense tawny pubescence; elytra with well-marked narrow longitudinal stripes of luteous to tawny pubescence near base, extending from humeral angle that combine into wider sutural stripes at middle and 5 diagonally arranged discrete narrow longitudinal stripes near apex; legs castaneous, with dense luteous pubescence; undersurfaces very pubescent.

Head as long as thorax with gena strongly exserted; labrum, clypeus and frons at same plane; clypeus punctulate with fine bristles along margin; a distinct semicircular sulcus below antennae support, a squarish area of same plane with clypeus in front; antennae insertion feebly raised; upper eye lobe very closely approximate, leaving a groove in between; lower eye lobe very large, extending beyond antennal condyle; gula with a clear transverse groove, convex and raised between lower eye. Antenna slightly longer than body; scape cylindrical, granulo-punctulate, remaining segments punctulate and pubescent; segment 3 & 4 feebly thickened at apex; 5 - 10 angulated ectoapically; 3 longer than scape; 4 half as long as 3; 5 subequal to 3; last segment dentated subapically. Prothorax trapezoid, apex narrower than base; side unarmed, convex and rugose; pronotum with 4 longitudinal ridges, 2 on each side of median followed by 2 additional undulating ridges and a short carina further to each lateral side; areas between dorsal ridges glabrous, densely covered with pubescence at sides. Elytron 5 X as long as broad; parallel, truncated with a sutural spine and cusp at angle; disc flattened; scrobiculated, with large and deep crateriform puncture 2/3 from lateral margin, smaller one near base, 1/3 of apical tip sparsely punctate; punctured area at side resemble honey-comb; pubescence on disc unevenly arranged, resulting 3 - 4 imperfect longitudinal overlapping stripes near base that combine in the middle of suture, disassociate about 2/3 from base diagonally towards apex into 5 discrete narrow longitudinal stripes that reunited at apex; posterior end with a distinct submarginal carina. Legs: fore femur clavate, not so compressed laterally.

Measurement: Length 26.0 mm (); breadth 6.5 mm ().

Distribution: North-east India; Tenasserim; Myanmar; Loas; Sarawak 

Host: Calycopteris floribunda Lamk., Ficus elastica. (India)

Note: the measurement given by Gahan (1906) was 17 - 21 mm long and 5 - 6 mm broad or by Gressitt (1970) at 14 - 21 mm long, which is much smaller than the specimen examined. This species has a wide distribution in Laos.

Material examined : 1 [FN 80-0790], Gunung Serapi (3000ft), Matang, Kuching Div., 21.VI.1980, Mercer & Suholi. (For. Dept. Coll.).

Xoanodera (Lajoyeia) bintuluensis sp. nov.

below it sparsely pubescent; prosternum with dense white pubescence; scutellum sparsely pubescent; pubescence on elytra white, unevenly distributed producing contrasting markings; a white suteral line extending from scutellum and terminated 2/3 from base; laterad of it two longitudinal ordinate of no less than 10 macula, several macula at the external sometimes touching each other forming stripes especially those on humeral; a third longitudinal stripe preceded by several macula at 1/2 from suture and 2/3 from base, pointed subapically and then abrubtly bent inward; the marginal one bifurcate in front, posterior margin terminate just before angular tooth; entire external elytral margin pubescent; legs fusco-testaceous with dense luteous pubescence.

Head as wide as thorax, with a median acinacicate glabrous area on vertex weakly dented between upper eye lobe; mandible strongly notched at base, lower genal margin extended 1/4 from base of mandible; sulcus between labrum and clypeus obscure; antennal support raised, leaving a glabrous crescentic lacuna below between frons; lower eye lobe slightly extended beyond or about as far out as antennal condyle; gula convex, ridged at lateral and posterior margin. Antenna as long as body; scape rugulo-punctate, remainder punctulate, densely pubescent; segment 3 & 4 flatten dorsi-ventrally, slightly angulated ectoapically; 3 as long as scape; 5 only angulated ectopically; 6 - 10 expended externally, serrate, strongly compressed and angulated ectoapically. Prothorax 1.5 X as long as wide; base same width as apex; corrugation on disc branched from a median ridge behind middle; side with 3 stripes of dense pubescent, vermicular below; fore intercoxal process flat. Scutellum cuneate, apex rounded. Elytron 4.5 X as long as broad; parallel, rounded only 1/5 from apex, truncated with divergent suteral and pointed angular spines; two umbones near suture; disc inclined, strongly and deeply subreticulate-punctate on external half, diminishing in sizes to strictly punctate towards apex; interspaces narrow, thicken at basal half. Undersurfaces clothed with dense pubescence. Legs : mid and hind femora highly compressed laterally, incurvate; first hind tarsal segment as long as 2.

Holotype (UNIMAS Coll.) [B15], UPM campus, Bintulu Div., 7.I.1992, collector unknown. Length 28.0 mm; breadth 7.1 mm

Note: very similar to X. (L.) striata GRESSITT & RONDON, 1970 except differ in being that the white marking is more intense and constrating in this species. This species does not have the unique pronotal structure of striata but rugulae on pronotum look as if branching from the median ridge. The pubescence on the antennae of this species is very unique with mixture of hairy and minute one.

Xoanodera (Lajoyeia) striata GRESSITT & RONDON

Body fusco-testaceous with luteous pubescence; mandible black; labrum, clypeus, frons and neck castaneous; vertex with two stripes of dense pubescence; canthus completely pubescent; antennae fuscous, pubescence on segment 5 - 11 feebly visible; prothorax fusco-testaceous, two parallel longitudinal stripes of pubescence on each side of disc; elytra castaneous, luteous pubescence forming a series of semi-dislocated stripes and macula; humeral angle with two short curved stripes; an ordinate of no less than 12 macula along suture; beginning from middle of disc a series of longitudinal stripes overlapping each others toward external margin, the outer one extending around apex and abrubtly bent inwards; meso- and metasternum testaceous, densely clothed with luteous pubescence and scattered tawny bristles.

Head much narrower than thorax; gena short, 1/4 as deep as lower eye lobe; frons with two deep fissure at base of antennal condyle, side with very long bristles; endoapical margin of antennifer with a gibba; upper eye lobe well separated by a feebly groove; anterior margin of lower eye lobe not extended beyond antennal condyle; gula concave and glabrous between ocular without any transverse groove; vertex with two stripes beginning from antennal condyle and divaricate towards neck. Antenna shorter than body, not exceeding 3/4 from base; pubescence on segment 1 - 4 distinctive, feebly visible from 5 - 11; segment 3 & 4 flatten dorsi -ventrally, thicken at apex and slightly angulated ectoapically; 3 a little longer than scape; 4 half as long as 3; 5 - 10 subequal to 3, compressed dorsi-ventrally, sharply angulated ectoapically. Prothorax as long as broad; pronotum with a median groove in the anterior and a median ridge behind, both flanked by flexous but broken rugulae; sides with two parallel longitudinal stripes of dense pubescence; lateral wrinkles vermiform. Scutellum relatively small; triangular, sunken. Elytron 5 X as long as broad; gradually narrow at 4/5 from base; subtruncated with a suteral spine and a long stout angular spine; basal of disc favose, middle subfavose to punctate and finely striopunctate at apex. Legs : all femora strongly compressed laterally; first hind tarsal segment longer than 2.

Measurement : Length 38.0 mm (); breadth 10.2 mm ()

Distribution : Laos; Peninsular Malaysia; Sarawak

Known habitat : logged over primary mixed dipterocarp forest.

Material examined : 1 [170], Rinki Camp, Sungai Seping, Kapit Div., 19.II.1995, C. K. Lim. (UNIMAS Coll.)