Genus Demonax Thomson

Demonax Thomson, 1860, Classif. Ceramb., 226 (type-species : D. nigrofasciatus Th., 1860) loc. cit. - Gahan, 1906b, Fauna British India, Col. 1 : 280. - Gressitt, 1940, Philip. J. Sci., 72 (1-2) : 80.; 1951c, Longicornia 2 : 292.

Grammographus Chevrolat, 1863, Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege, 18 : 285 (type-species : G. lineatus Chevrolat, 1863) loc. cit

Elezira Pascoe, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser 3, 3: 637 (type-species : Clytus balyi Pasc., 1859).

Diagnostic characters : body slender; antennal insertion fairly close, concave in between, acutely raised at side; antennal length variable, some longer than body while in others shorter; antennal segment 3 & 4 conspicuous spined endoapically and 3 longer than 4; prothorax oblong-oval, as a rule longer than broad; elytra truncated; hind femora subcylindrical, elongated, apical tip usually extended some distance past elytra in ; posterior margin of 4 abdominal segment reaching elytral apex, last segment exposed in ; all abdominal segments are not exposed in ; first hind tarsal segment usually 2 X as long as 2 + 3 united.

Key to species of Demonax in Sarawak

1.      Head, prothorax, basal end of elytra and metasternum ferrugino-testaceous to helvus. .…….......................................................................…...… 2
Head and prothorax black or griscent; metasternum fuscous with whitish pubescence ……………..………………………………………………3

2(1)   Prothorax cylindrical, longer than wide; pronotum finely and transversely corrugate; frons with a median carina that terminate at a glabrous triangular patch in anterior; entire suture with ashey pubescence, no complete pre-apical transverse fascia; femora coarsely and shallowly punctate, setaceous; metasternum fuscous. - martes PASCOE, 1869
Prothorax oblong-oval; pronotum granulate; frons without such carina; preapical of elytra with a transverse fascie, not interrupted; femora closely punctulate, pubescence; metasternum ferrugineous-testaceous. - mustela (PASCOE,1858)

3(1)  Bands and patterns on elytra comprise of yellowish and fuscous pubescence; pubescence on prothorax also yellowish; both very dense. ..4
Bands and patterns on elytra comprise of black and ashey or whitish pubescence; pubescence on prothorax usually ashey ...….....…………..7

4(3)   Yellowish pubescence along suture not interrupted. ..…......…………… 5
Yellowish pubescence along suture interrupt by transverse fuscous fascia at middle or preapically. .......………….........…………………………..6

5(4)   Pronotum with a cruciformfuscous mark; antennae clearly shorter than body in ; endoapical spine shorter than width of segment; prothorax as long as broad; hind femora not extended beyond elytral apex in ; posterior projection of yellowish 1st basal transverse band meet with the subepipleural stripe, enclosing a fuscous stripe from humeral angle; femora coarsely granulo-striate, entirely castaneous or fuscous; frons squarish, lateral margin parallel; antennal segment 5 - 10 feebly dentate; angular margin of elytral apex rounded; gena short - Demonax merinjakensis sp. nov.
Pronotum without cruciform mark; each side of median with an oblong fuscous patch in middle; antennae as long as body in ; endoapical spine longer than the width of segment; prothorax twice as long as broad; hind femora extended beyond elytral apex in ; posterior projection of 1st basal band not meeting the subepipleural stripe, in fact the latter very short; femora closely punctulate, fuscous, 1/3 of base testaceous; frons longer than broad, lateral margin gradually narrow; antennae filiform; angular cusp sharp, pointing - Demonax murudensis sp. nov.

6(4)    Pronotum elongated with 2 highly elongated reniform fuscous patch side of median, resulting a broad yellowish stripe that continue from apex and base; endoapical spine on antennal segment 3- 6 stout; apical half of elytra yellowish with a preapical fuscous spot touching external margin, - literatus GAHAN sarawakensis subsp. nov.
Pronotum mostly fuscous with 2 broad sinuate yellowish stripes side of median; endoapical antennal spine fine; elytra with a yellowish crescentric fascia behind middle; a preapical yellowish spot touching sutural margin - Demonax furcathorax sp. nov.

7(3)    Endoapical spine acute or sharp .…………………………………....….8
Endoapical spine on antennae blunt; tip rounded - viverra (PASCOE, 1858)

8(7)    Elytral bands either ashey or yellowish-fuscous . .......……….…………9
2nd elytral band intense albus, oblique stripe. - polyzonus PASCOE, 1869

9(8)    Femora and tibiae with soft pubescence .……………....……………. 10
Mid and hind femora and also tibaie with scattered stout sharp setae beside usual pubescence - tipularius PASCOE,1869

10(9)  First elytral band basal, transverse or extended posterior .…................ 11
Without basal elytral band along humeral margin .- alcellus PASCOE, 1869 

11(10)Second elytral band ascending along suture to scutellum, froming a triangular ashey patch. ...........….……………………………………..12
Second elytral band transverse, contected to 1st basal band by a narrow stripe along suture; both bands forming a X-letter - algebraicus PASCOE, 1869

12(11)First and second elytral band not meeting each other at external margin ………………………………………………………………………..13
First and second elytral band touching one another at external margin, leaving an oblique fuscous stripe - mulio PASCOE, 1869

13(12)Antennae black, apical segments whitish ......………………………….14
Antennae fuscous, segment 8 & 9 teataceous, 10 - 11 fuscous. - ventralis GAHAN, 1906

14(13)Prothorax globular; middle wider than elytra; clypeus glabrous, large testaceous; 2nd elytral band curved upwards towards base (not reaching it) at external margin, leaving a W-letter fuscous stripe - detortus PASCOE, 1869
Prothorax oblong-oval, as wide as elytra; clypeus pubescent, transverse, pitchy; 2^nd elytral band transverse, not curved at external margin - lumawigi HUDEPOHL, 1992

Demonax martes PASCOE

Entire head, antennal scape and prothorax ferrugineous-castaneous; the head with yellowish pubescence; antennal segment 2 - 7 black, 8 - 11 testaceous; scutellum fusco-castaneous; 1/3 basal half of elytra and a submarginal attenuation helvus or ochraceous as ground color with pubescence of similar color; markings made of fuscous and pale flavo-lacteous pubescence; prosternum, mesosternurn and a triangular patch covering 3 basal abdominal segments ferrugino-castaneous with thin lacteous pubescence; metasternum, episternum of metathorax, remaining part of abdominal sterna dark fuscous, densely clothed with lacteous pubescence; all coxae entirely ferrugino-castaneous except hind coxae with mixture of fuscious at exterior; fore femora ferrugino-castaneous, dorsal with fuscous stripe; mid and hind femora fuscous with whitish pubescence, 1/3 of base ferrugino-castaneous; tibiae and tarsus fuscous with whitish pubescence.

Head subvertical; feebly raised at base of antennifer; frons longer than broad, ridged at side margin, subparallel, with a median triangular glabrous patch in front and extended posteriorly as a median carina, surfaces in between this sculptures flat, punctulate and pubescent; gena elongated, as deep as eyes; the latter circular, hardly notched at antennal support; gula with coarse crescentric striation, forming a semicircular structure. Antenna a little shorter than body; scape sparsely punctulate, punctures oblong, apex slightly excurved; segment 3 longest, 1.5 X as long as scape; 4 - 11 subequal to successive segments. Prothorax cylindrical, 2 X as long as broad; bare; apex and base the same width, both margins straight; disc closely and transversely corrugate. Scutellum relatively very small; linguiform. Elytron 7.3 X as long as broad; parallel-sided, apical tip dehiscent; truncated at apex with a weak angular cusp; truncation oblique; disc with a long, broad, oblique fuscous stripe beginning from posterior of helvus part to 1/4 from base; this is followed by another preapical fuscous blotch; both not reaching suture, leaving one complete sutural lacteous stripe from helvus patch to apex. Undersurfaces : anterior half of prosternum impubis, transversely striate, posterior half pubescenct. Legs : femora coarsely but shallowly punctate; surfaces glossy but setaceous.

Measurement : Length 11.0 - 14.0 mm; breadth 2.0 - 2.5 mm. 

Distribution : Sarawak;

Material examined : 5 specimens, all in SM Coll., : Kuching, Kuching Div., 19.V.1903; Kuching, Kuching Div., 28.IV.1900; Kuching, Kuching Div., 28.IV.1900; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 8.III.1910; Kuching, Kuching Div., 28.IV.1900.

Demonax mustela (PASCOE)

Entire head, prothorax inclusive prosternum ferrugino-testaceous; molar black, shinny; maxillary and labial palpi fuscous; scape ferrugino-testaceous; antennal segment 2 - 7 fuscous, 8 - 11 testaceous, apical tip of last segment with brownish tinge; 1/5 base of elytral ferrugino-testaceous, remaining black, mat with fusco-piceous and flavo-olivaceous pubescence forming elytral markings; all coxae, meso- and metasternum ferrugino-testaceous; abdomen sternite fuscous with dense flavescent pubescence; femora fuscous except for ventral of front pair, base of middle and hind pairs that is ferrugino-testaceous; all tibiae fuscous with tawny pubescence; fore tarsus castaneous; entire first segment of middle tarsus and basal half of first hind tarsal segment castaneous, remainder testaceous.

Head exserted and broaden; terminal segment of maxillary and labial palpi truncate, strongly compressed and clavate; labrum small, transverse; clypeus glabrous; frons oblique with a median groove, feebly depressed in front; gena long, side as deep as entire eye; external genal margin as wide as outer ocular margin; both gena and frons punctate; gula planate, trapezoid, wider in front, covered with dense bristles; antennal insertion raised, inner edge of antennifer produced, inclined towards median. Antenna 1/3 longer than body in , segment 8 reaching elytral apex; segment 3 almost 1.5 X as long as scape; 4 distinctive shorter than 3; 5 - 7 subequal, as long as 3; 3 - 7 weakly complanate; 8 - 11 slender, filiform; 3 & 4 spined endoapically; 3 - 6 setose endo-ventrally. Prothorax longer than broad; cylindrical-ovate; narrower than elytra; side rounded and feebly constricted at base; side and pronotum finely granulo-punctulate and minutely pubescent; anterior half of prosternum glabrous with 6 transverse plication; intercoxal process narrow, posterior end dilated and strongly concave. Scutellum attenuate, broadly rounded at apex. Elytron 6 X as long as broad; parallel; dehiscent at 1/5 from apex; apex obliquely truncate, angular spine very near to external margin; disc very pubescent with 3 flavo-olivaceous bands; 1st on basal hulvus portion; 2nd sutural, begining from posterior of 1st band, border gradually curved towards posterior and transverse at 1/3 from apex; the 2nd branched outwards in front, curved backward just before reaching external margin and acuminate to middle; 3rd apical, oblong. Legs: fore and mid coxae globular; the former very prominent, strongly raised; fore femora feeble dilated, fusiform; mid and hind femora subcylindrical, based decurved; 1/4 apical end of hind femora extended beyond elytral apex; mid and hind tibiae strongly compressed, very long; first hind tarsal segment 2.5 X as long as 2 + 3 united.

Measurement : Length 12.0 - 16.0 mm; breadth 2.2 - 3.5 mm

Distribution : Sarawak

Material examined : 14 specimens : [FN 90-0248] Dulit Range, Miri Div., 16.V.1990, Ento team (For. Dept. Coll.); Kuching, Kuching Div., 30.IV.1900 (SM Coll.); Kuching, Kuching Div., 28.IX.1903 (SM Coll.); Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 23.V.1914 (SM Coll.); Limbang, Limbang Div., 3.IV.1910 (SM Coll.); Balaugeau, IX.1903 (SM Coll.); Limbang, Limbang Div., IV.1910 (SM Coll.); Kuching, Kuching Div., 30.IV.1900 (SM Coll.); 3rd mile Rock Road, 1.II.1915 (SM Coll.); Limbang, Limbang Div., IV.1910 (SM Coll.); Matang Road, Kuching Div., 26.VII.1909 (SM Coll.); Kuching, Kuching Div., 13.IV.1903 (SM Coll.); Lio Matu, ulu Baram, Miri Div. X-XI,1914 (SM Coll.). 1914 (SM Coll.); Mt. Murud, ulu Baram, Miri Div., XI-XII,1914 (SM Coll.).

Demonax merinjakensis sp. nov. 

Body blackish fuscous with yellowish-luteous pubescence; fuscous parts subglossy; head black with sparse ochraceous pubescence; antennal segment 1 -6 fuscous, 7 - 9 flavo-testaceous, 10 - 11 fuscous; prothorax subglossy fuscous, moderately clothed with yellowish-luteous pubescence except for a cross-shaped at median and a fuscous blotch middle of each lateral side; elytra fuscous as ground color, markings comprised of yellowish-luteous and fuscous pubescence; the latter somewhat tinge with ferrugineous; entire undersurfaces clothed with velvety lacteous pubescence except pro- and mesosternum that is fuscous, semipubescent; fore femora entirely castaneous; mid and hind femora fuscous.

Head short; clypeus short, transverse; frons squarish, lateral margin parallel, vertical, punctate and sparsely pubescence; gena short, less than 1/4 as deep as lower eye lobe; neck short. Antenna shorter than body, at most extended to 3/4 of elytra; segment 5 - 10 feebly dentate ectoapically; ventral of segment 2 - 6 setaceous; 3 as long as scape; 3 & 5 subequal; 6 - 11 gradually shorten. Prothorax as long as broad; distinctivelyt narrower than elytra by humeral angle; base constricted; apex wider than base; one arm of median cruciform mark longitudinally touching apex and base, the other arm short, almost touching lateral fuscous blotch at each side; all fuscous portions reticulo-punctale, punctures favous. Elytron 7 X as long as broad; parallel at base, gradually narrow and curved towards posterior; apex truncate without angular or sutural spine; brownish bands as follow :- (i) 1st longitudinal from humeral angle, totally isolated by yellowish pubescence, (ii) 2nd from scutellum, running parallel to suture but side of it, then excurved at middle, (iii) 3rd broad band, irregular, reaching external edge, (iv) 4th just behind 3rd, oblique, extended to outer margin and continue along it until point of truncation at apex; yellowish stripes on disc as follow : - (i) a longitudinal one between scutellum and humeral that extended posteriorly, another from base of epipleura, both meeting each other behind middle enclosing 1st longitudinal fuscous stripe, (ii) right from scutellum, wide, running all the way along suture, bifurcate somewhere at middle, dilated and lanceolate at 3/7 of apex. Legs : fore femora short, clavate at apex; mid femora peduncle-clavate; hind femora gradually widen towards apex; mid and hind femora coarsely punctate, sub-pubescent and with scattered long bristles; tibiae sparsely punctulate and pubescent, with many long setae; first hind tarsal segment 1.5 X as long as 2+3 united.

Holotype (SM Coll.) Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 27.V.1914. Length 10.5 mm; breadth 2.5 mm.

Paratype 5 (SM Coll.) Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 24.V.1914; Mt. Merinjak (2200ft), 29.V.1914; Mt. Merinjak (2200ft), 29.V.1914; Mt. Merinjak (2200ft), 28.V.1914; Mt. Merinjak (2200ft), 26.V.1914. Length 10,0 -12.0 mm; breadth 2.0 - 3.0 mm.

Note : differ from nebulosus Gressitt & Rondon in the extreme disimilarities of elytra patterns though both has a cruciform fuscous patch on pronotum, this species also has a non-interrupted yellowish stripe along suture.

Demonax murudensis sp. nov. 

Head broad, as wide as prothorax; mandible short, wide at base; labrum. transverse, pubescent with several long decumbent bristles at sides; clypeus feebly oblique with frons; the latter emarginate between eyes, lateral margin gradually narrow posteriorly; gena long, 1/2 as deep as lower eye lobe; vertex raised between antennal insertion, acutely concave from side to side; neck with many blackish spots among velutinous pubescence especially around ocular. Antenna as long as body; scape a little wider at apex, closely punctulate and pubescent; ventral of segment 3 & 4 setaceous; 3, 5 & 6 subequal, 1.5 X as long as scape; 4 subequal to scape; 7 & 8 radially swollen, distinctively larger in diameter than other segments; 9 - 11 back to normal side as basal segments. Prothorax 1.5 X as long as broad; narrower than elytra; base weakly constricted; side feebly convex and rounded; anterior half of prosternum bulging, semipubescent; posterior half gradually inclinate; fuscous portions tomentose. Elytron 6 X as long as wide; parallel-sided; apical half gradually narrower and curved; apex truncate with an angular cusp st side; pubescence on disc being more yellowish near base, diffusing into pale flavo-albus towards apex; all fuscous stripes joined at outer edge of epipleura, arranged as follow : (i) 1st begin submedianly at side of scutellum, oblique towards outer edge at about 1/3 from base, then abruptly bent towards lateral deflexion where it bifurcate, one arm to epipleura and the other ends at humeral angle; (ii) 2nd curved upwards from outer edge at middle, tip attenuate to scutellum; (iii) from angular cusp at apex, incurved at 4/9 from apex.; yellowish-luteous bands as follows:- (i) 1st transverse at base, projecting backwards from humeral angle and along suture, it later bifurcate somewhere around middle, proceed posterior where it spatulate, covering entire 1/3 of sutural half of apex. Legs : ventral margin of fore femora linear, dorsal margin sinuate; mid and hind femora long, rod-liked; the latter very much extended beyond elytral apex; first hind tarsal segment 3 X as long as 2+3 united; tibiae densely clothed with silky whitish pubescence.

Holotype (SM Coll.) Mt. Murud, ulu Baram, Miri Div., XI-XII,1914. Length 13.0 mm; bredth 3.0 mm.

Paratype (SM Coll.) Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 28.V.1914. Length 13.0 mm; length 2.5 mm.

Note : differ from literatus literatus Gahan or gracilestriatus Gressitt & Rondon in having different pronotal patterns, i.e. two fuscous patch right in the middle of side of median and a very faint basimedial stripe, a non-interrupted sutural yellowish stripe and the absence of a preapical brownish spot.

Demonax literatus Gahan sarawakensis subsp. nov.

Head with gena elongated; aclypeus prominent, as wide as labrum; pubescence on aclypeus pointing abliquely towards median line, those on frons subparallel to median line; lateral sulcus of gena with frons glabrous, impubis, this being parallel, oblique inwards between eyes and further indented by antennal support; vertex raised between antennal insertion, acutely concave. Antenna shorter than body, extended to 2/3 of elytra; filiform; segment 2 - 4 setaceous at entire ventral side; endoapical of 3 setiferous. Prothorax shortly ovate; hardly constricted at apex; posterior margin abruptly deflexed, base feebly constricted; side convex, rounded. Scutellum large; curvilinear. Elytron 5 X as long as broad; gradually but feebly narrower towards apex; the latter truncate with a long acicular spine at the outer margin; yellowish-luteous markings as follow:- (i) 1st basal, subtransverse, from scutellum to humeral angle, then abruptly bent and extend posteriorly, gradually tapering to middle near lateral deflexion where it joint with the one from epipleura; (ii) 2nd stripe begin posterior of scutollum, oblique, gradually curved outward until 5/9 from base where it abruptly curved back and reaching to 1/3 from base at marginal edge; (iii) 3rd apical with a preapical submarginal fuscous blotch; brownish stripes as follow:- (i) a stripe directly from humeral that attenuated posteriorly, (ii) V-shaped, starting from epipleura towards posterior, taking a 360º, bent at middle, forward to tip of scutellum; (iii) bifurcate stripe between preapical blotch and V-shaped stripe, one arm margined with external edge, the other ascending obliquely towards middle of suture, from there it attenuate towards scutellum but fall short of it. Legs : fore coxae globular, raised; fore femora short, fusiform with a linaer ventral margin; mid and hind femora gradually widen towards apex; 1/4 of apical tip of the latter extended beyond elytral apex; first hind tarsal segment 2 X as long as 2+3 united.

Holotype (SM Coll.) Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 26.V.1914. Length 14.0 mm; bredth 3.5 mm.

Paratype 4 (SM Coll.) Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 26.V.1914; Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 25.V.1914; Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 28.V.1914; Mt. Murud, ulu Baram, Miri Div., XI-XII,1914. Length 13.0 - 14.0 mm; breadth 3.2 - 3.5 mm.

Note : this species is identical to literatus literatus Gahan in the elytral patterns. However, it differs in having 2 reniform. fuscous patch side of median on pronotal disc and the absent of basimedian stripe. It differ from literatus nansenensis Picard in having only two fuscous sub-longitudinal stripes while the former has three.

Demonax furcathorax sp. nov.

Head elongated below eyes; mandible short; maxillary palpi as long as mandible; frons punctate, lateral margin narrower towards antennal support; a median carina that extended half way of frons and terminate as a shallow groove at vertex; neck coarsely punctate. Antenna very short, at most extended to 1/3 of elytra; filiform; scape subcylindrical, feebly curved at base; 3 as long as scape; 4 & 5 subequal, slightly shorter than 3; 6 - 11 subequal, shorter than 4 or 5; 3 - 7 setaceous ventrally; endoapical of 5 - 7 with tufts of long bristles. Prothorax narrower than elytra; a little longer than broad; apex &, wide as base; side convex; pubescence on yellowish patch side of median ,denser than fuscous tomentose area; disc convex at side profile, posterior margin not abruptly curved but gradually, basal constriction obsolete. Elytron 5.8 X as long as broad; 2 X as long as head and prothorax combined; apex gradually curved, truncate with a prominent angular spine; sutural spine sharp; epipleura over metathorax somewhat curved, linear and straight over abdominal segments; 3 yellowish bands as follow :- (i) 1st begin from humeral angle to scutellum along base, extended along suture posteriorly to middle where it excurved to lateral curvature, then abruptly turned at angle, continued longitudinally to humeral angle joining the commencing point; (ii) 2nd behind middle, crescentric, not reaching external margin; (iii) 3rd preapical, roundish, not reaching external margin or apex; brownish patterns as follow :- (i) a broad stripe between humeral angle and suture, apical tip gradually excurved; (ii) covering 1/3 of entire marginal edge up till sutural spine, it bifurcate somewhere behind middle, both branches meet the corresponding pairs on the other elytron at suture. Legs : all femora carinate at latero-ventral surfaces; hind femora extended beyond elytral apex by 1/5 of its length; first hind tarsal segment only slightly longer than 2+3 united.

Holotype (SM Coll.) Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 28.V.1914. Length 11.0 mm; bredth 2.5 mm.

Allotype (SM Coll.) Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 28.V.1914. Length 11.0 mm;     bredth 3.0 mm. - a triangular yellowish-ochraceous patch at base of pronotum, apex attenuate; preapical elytral spots almost reaching apex.

Demonax viverra (PASCOE)

Clytus viverra Pasc., 1857, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, ser 2, 4 : 240 (loc. cit).

Demonax viverra : Pascoe, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser 3, 3 : 626. - Aurivillius, 1912, Coleopt, Cat., 39 : 412. - Gressitt, 1959, Pac. Ins., 1 (1) : 167.

Body black with griscent or ashy gray bands; mandible fuscous; labrum, apical half of each maxillary and labial segments testaceous; head evenly clothed with ashy pubescence; antennae fuscous, segment 5 - 11 with dense minute pubescence; entire prothorax also clothed with ashy pubescence, with many dark brownish spots especially at sides; pronotum. with a transverse fuscous band at middle; scutellum black, scarely pubescent; elytra black with dark fuscous pubescence, marking made of griscent pubescence; prosternum with albus pubescence and fuscous granular spots except a denser non-granular sagitate patch near coxae; meso-, metasternum and abdominal sternite castaneous-fuscous with dense albus pubescence; legs including tarsal segments fuscous with dense ashy pubescence except inner surface of hind femora.

Head with gena exserted; genal margin only slightly narrower than outer ocular margin; lateral margin of frons widen anteriorly; pubescent on anterior of frons radially arranged as if having a median concentric point; behind the later a median glabrous line that extended to vertex; area between antennal insertion raised, concave; side of neck with several coarse punctures. Antenna extended to 2/3 of elytra in , only 1/3 in ; scape cylindrical, punctulate; 3 & 4 subequal, posterior margin oblique, each with a blunt endoapical spine that is half as long as the respective segment proper in or 2/3 in ; 3 - 5 fringed with short setae ventrally; 5 - 10 filiform in , feebly deplanate and dentate ectoapically in . Prothorax oblong cydariform; 1.5 X as long as broad; widest at middle, as wide as elytra; side rounded, concave; disc evenly granulate; posterior of intercoxal process dilated laterally, transversely truncate as if base of triangle. Scutellum triangular. Elytron elongated; 5 X as long as broad; parallel; obliquely truncate at apex with an angular cusp; disc declivent towards apex with 4 markings; 1st basal, extended posteriorly into a semicircular patch; 2nd from scutellum. along suture, abruptly curved outwards at 1/4 from base, reaching outer margin; 3rd triangular, front boarder begins at middle and diagonally reaching outer margin, hind boarder transverse; 4th subapical, not reaching angular cusp. Abdomen not extended beyond eyltra in , last segment exposed in . Legs : fore femora clavate; hind pair sublinear, apical 1/3 extended beyond elytral apex; tibiae strongly compressed; first hind tarsal segment 2.5 X as long as 2 + 3 united.

Measurement : Length 10.7 - 13.0 mm (); 12.9 mm ()
Breadth 2.4 - 2.6 mm (); 2.8 mm ()

Distribution : Singapore; Sarawak; Batchian; Morty; Waigiou; Ceram; New Guinea.

Known habitat : old secondary peat swamp forest, open for relogging. 

Host : known to be attracted to Ramin logs

Note : the maxillary palpi of female showed some modifications, the galea dilated and fasciculate while those in the male normal, small and pectunculate.

Material examined : 6 [549, 550, 551, 552, 553 & 554], Sedilo Forest Reserve,  Simunjan, Samarahan Div., 1.XI.1995 - 3.XI.1995, C. K. Lim & Wahap (UNIMAS Coll.); 1 [FN 00828], Serais logging area, Pusa., 27.VI.1978, A. A. Hamid (For. Dept. Coll); 17 specimens, all in SM Coll. : Penrissen (4500 ft), Kuching Div., 17.V.1899; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 9.VII.1909; Kuching, Kuching Div., 31.VII.1899; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 25.I.1916; Penrissen (4500 ft), Kuching Div., 17.V.1899; Kuching, Kuching Div.,, 24.XI.1809; Kuching, Kuching Div., 14.X.1902; Baram, Miri Div., 15.X.1910; Kuching, 24.XI.1897; Baram, Miri Div., 13.X.1910; Penrissen, Kuching Div., 17.V.1897; Baram, Miri Div., 21.X.1910; Kuching, Kuching Div., 4.IX.1899; Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, 18.IX.1913.

Demonax polyzonus PASCOE

Head and antennae fuscous black, both clothed with ashey pubescence; prothorax pitchy, clothed with denser ashey pubescence; basal constriction with a pure chalky-white fascia; pronotum. with 2 blackish spots at middle of side of median; lateral and ventral of prothorax with long silvery hairs, this being present around temple and gula also; scutellum white; elytra black as ground color; disc with one n-shaped intense albus stripe and 3 ashey transverse bands; pubescence on blackish parts fusco-ferrugineous; anterior half of Prosternum, latero-anterior of mesosternum and epimeron of metathorax fuscous, impubis; posterior half of pro- and mesosternum, metasternum incluting episternum of metathorax and first two basal abdominal segments with dense velutineous chalky-white pubescence; abdominal segment 3 - 5 fusco-castaneous with thin pubescence; legs pitchy with ashey pubescence.

Head broad; subvertical; mandible and gena expanded side way; labrum short, half as long as width of frons; frons as long as broad, median with 2 very weak carina; feebly raised between antennal insertion, convex anterior-posteriorly; lateral side of gena and temple striate. Antenna extended to half of elytron; scape transverse; 3 longest, 1.5 X as long as scape; 4 half the length of 3; 5 - 11 successively decreased in length, very obvious from 6 to 8. Prothorax oblong-oval; widest at middle; base constricted, narrower than apex; side weakly convex; disc coarsely granulate especially on the fuscous part. Elytron 6 X as long as broad; apex roundly emarginate; 1st band basal, ashey, transverse, not extended beyond humeral angle, as deep as scutellum; 2nd albus, slanting, 1/6 from base at suture or 1/3 at external margin, forming a n-shaped with corresponding pair on the other elytron; 3rd band ashey, broad, anterior border oblique and touching previous stripe at both ends, posterior border transverse; 4th ashey, subapical, anterior border transverse, posterior obscure, ill-defined as it diffused towards apex; space between 3rd and subapical ashey band broad, black, transverse; pubescence on 3rd ashey band shorter and finer than those on 2nd albus n-shaped stripe. Legs : fore and mid femora transversely carinate at its entire length, pubescence aggregrated along latero-ventral surfaces; hind femora puncto-striate, pubescence sparse and evenly spreaded; first hind tarsal segment 2 X as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 10.0 - 12.0 mm; breadth 2.0 - 3.0 mm

Distribution : Sarawak

Note : Pascoe (1869) placed this species under Demonax with doubt due to the relatively shortness of the body. However, all 3 specimens examined has the normal propotion as in the general case of this genus.

Material examined : 3 Kuching, Kuching Div., 30.V.1900 (SM Coll.); Matang Road, Kuching Div., 4.I.1910 (SM Coll.); Matang Road, Kuching Div., 8.IV.1910 (SM Coll.).

Demonax tipularius PASCOE

Labrum, aclypeus and mouthparts glossy, brownish testaceous; head pitchy with sparse ashey pubescence; neck with several blackish glabrous dots scattered around antennal support; antennal segment 1 - 7 fuscous, 8 - 11 flavo-testaccous; prothorax and scutellum fuscous, moderately clothed with ashey pubescence; elytra black as ground color, markings strictly made of blackish fuscous and ashey pubescence; undersurfaces clothed with thin but evenly distributed ashey pubescence except anterior half of pro- and mesosternum; abdomen fuscous, pubescence ashey, denser on first two basal segments than remaining 3 visible segments; femora and tibiae fuscous, pubescence ashey, very thin; tarsus fusco-testaceous.

Body very much elongated. Head short, broad; clypeus feebly oblique with frons, otherwise planate, both punctulate, pubescence ramify, radially arranged with a median central point anterior of frons; lower eye lobe circular, a ring of short whitish pubescence circumscribe it; gula subglabrous, finely striolate. Antenna longer than body; segment 9 reaching apex; scape short, broad; few basal segments setaceous ventrally; 3 long, 2.5 X as long as scape; 4 distinctively shorter than 3; 5 longest, 1.5 X as long as 3; 6 - 11 gradually shorten, very slender. Prothorax 2 X as long as broad; base feebly constricted, somewhat exserted anterior of fore coxae; surfaces granulate, coarser at median, finer at side. Elytron elongated, 8 X as long as broad; convex to side; parallel-sided; apex broadly truncate; angular cusp almost at extreme of outer margin; disc with 4 ashey bands as follow :- 1st band transverse, not extended beyond humeral angle, as deep as scutellum at suture, wider or rounded at side; 2nd bengin from scutellum along suture, abruptly bent at 1/4 from base, transverse to outer margin; 3rd at middle, posterior border transverse at 5/5 from base, anterior border sinuate, dilated and roundly produced anteriorly at suture; 4th apical, border convex, covering angular cusp; all 4 bands widely separated. Legs : fore femora fusiform, ventral margin linear; mid and hind femora rod-liked, curved near base, with many scattered short, stout and acute spine which are absent in most species of this genus; tibiae compressed laterally, linear; first hind tarsal segment 4 X as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 9.0 - 14.0 mm; breadth 1.5 - 2.5 mm

Distribution : Sarawak

Material examined : 19 specimens, all in SM Coll.: Mt. Murud, ulu Baram, Miri Div., XI-XII,1914; Limbang, Limbang Div., 15.III.1910; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 11.X.1909; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 5.XI.1915; Penrissen (4500 ft), Kuching Div., 17.V.1899; Mt. Sibau, Balai Ringin Protected Forest, Samarahan Div., V-VI,1902; Kuching, Kuching Div., 6.IV.1914; Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 29.V.1914; locality unknown, V.1909; 7 ex., Sarawak, date unknown, Mjoberg.

Demonax alcellus PASCOE

Demonax alcellus Pascoe, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser 3, 3 : 631. - Autivillius, 1912, Coleopt. Cat., 39 : 409.

Head, prothorax and antennae black; 5 to 6 apical antennal segments fuscescent with whitish pubescence; pronotum with 2 black spots side of median, remaining area clothed with whitish pubescence; scutellum black, ashey pubescence sparse; elytra black as ground color, marking made up of ashey and ferrugineous-fuscous pubescence; prosternum more whitish pubescence than dorsal or lateral margin; mesosternum fuscous, posterior end of episternum and intercoxal process with dense intense albus fascia; metasternum fuscous, pubescence whitish, sparse except at posterior margin and entire episternum of metathorax which is velutinous pure albus; abdominal segments fuscous, chalky-white pubescence denser on latero-posterior of 1st segment, forming a large semicircular subpubescent fuscous mark at base; segment 2 entirely velvety chalky-white; remaining 3 visible segments with sparse whitish pubescence.

Head flat in front; clypeus and frons a same plane, planate, sulcus obsolete; lateral ridge at side of frons prominent near ocular, extenuate right before base of mandible; median of frons carinate, carina not extended below lower eye lobe or beyond antennal support. Antenna extended to half of elytra; endoapical spine acute, long, reaching to half of the following segment. Prothorax shortly ovate; side roundly convex, acutely curved before apex or base; the latter with a distinctive transverse constriction; disc reticulo-punctate like honeycomb; each favus with several white pubescence. Scutellum equidistant triangular. Elytron 6.3 X as long as broad; apex transversely truncate with a slightly produced sharp angular cusp; tip of suture feebly emarginate; disc without basal transverse band; 1st a very short longitudinal stripe beside humeral angle; 2nd from scutellum along suture, gradually excurved before 1/3 from base, reaching outer at 1/3 from base; 3rd behind middle, triangular, anterior border oblique, posterior border transverse, rarely subtransverse; 4th apical at 1/6 of tip. Legs : all femora not carinate at latero-ventral side; 1st and 2nd hind tarsal segment cylindrical, not compressed; the former 2.5 X as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 8.0 - 10.0 mm; breadth 2.0 - 2.2 mm

Distribution : Sarawak

Material examined : 14 specimens, all in SM Coll. : Mt. Matang (3100 ft), Kuching Div., 23.V.1910; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 7.VI.1910; Satok, Kuching Div., 20.VII.1909; Kuching, Kuching Div., 16.VII.1900-Kuching, Kuching Div., 17.III.1903; Kuching, Kuching Div., 28.IV.1900; 4th mile Rock Road, Kuching Div., 3.VII.1909; Kuching, Kuching Div., 18.XI.1889; Kuching, Kuching Div., 27.IV.1900; Kuching, Kuching Div., 20.X.1899; Kuching, Kuching Div., 16.V.1900; Kuching, Kuching Div., 2.V.1900; Kuching, Kuching Div., 27.V.1900; Kuching, Kuching Div., 28.IV.1900.

Demonax algebraicus PASCOE

Demonax algebraicus Pascoe, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser 3, 3 : 629. Aurivillius, 1912, Coleopt. Cat., 39 : 409.

Labrum, maxillary and labial palpi testaceous; head fuscous with sparse ashey pubescence; antennal segment 1 - 7 fuscous, 8 - 11 flavo-testaceous with whitish pubescence making the last few segments whitish; ventral of segment 2 - 3 with tawny setae; prothorax fuscous, moderately clothed with ashey pubescence, denser at prosternum; pronotum with a transverse blackish fasia at middle; scutellum fuscous; elytra black as ground color, 4 ashey stripe or bands narrow; 1st and 2nd abdominal segment with dense velutinous chalky-white pubescence, remaining 3 visible segments fuscous, bare.

Generally very small in size. Head short; gena constricted below eyes making the latter look bulging; inner antennifer acutely ridged, convex from side to side. Antenna extended to half of elytra; scape long, as long as 3; ventral of segment 2 - 4 setaceous; endoapical spine relatively long compared to the short basal segment which are usually very long in most species. Prothorax shortly ovate; pronotum not strongly convex, otherwise whole prothorax glabular; side convex, widest at middle, subequal to width of elytra; disc obscurely reticulo-favose. Scutellum curvilinear triangular; apex rounded. Elytron 5 X as long head and as broad; 1.5 X as long as head and prothorax combined; apex subtransversely truncate; angular or sutural spine obscure; disc with 4 ashey bands; 1st basal, not extended beyond humeral angle, combined with 2nd along suture forming a X-letter mark, 2nd band reaching margin; 3rd behind middle, gradually widening towards suture; 4th apical. Legs : hind femora extended beyond elytral apex; first hind tarsal segment very long, 3 X as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 6.0 - 8.0 mm; breadth 1.5 - 2.0 mm

Distribution : Sarawak

Material examined : 5 specimens, a in SM Coll.: Matang Road , Kuching Div., 17.II.1910; Santubong (2600 ft), Kuching Div., II.1900; Kuching, Kuching Div., 18.IV.1900; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 13.IX.1910; Kuching, Kuching Div., 18.IX. 1909.

Demonax mulio PASCOE

Demonax mulio Pascoe, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser 3, 3 : 635, - Aurivillius, 1912, Coleopt. Cat., 39 : 410. - Gressitt & Rondon, 1970, Pac. Ins. Monogr., 24 : 268.

Head and prothorax entirely blackish fuscous; sparse ashey pubescence; pronotum with 2 fuscous spots side of median; antennae fuscous on segment 1 - 4, remaining clothed with whitish pubescence; elytra black as ground color, marking made of only ashey or blackish pubescence; legs black; tarsus whitish.

Head broad, short; mandible short, nearly inclusus under labrum; frons planate, thinly pubescence; lateral edge not ridged, narrower between eyes; lower eye lobe large, squarish with rounded corner. Antenna slightly shorter than body; scape twice the diameter of remaining joints; 3 as long as scape; endoapical spine relatively short, as long as width of respective segment. Prothorax oblong-oval, moderately constricted at base, constriction less prominent at apex; widest at a little more than 1/3 from base; disc coarsely granulate. Elytron slender, 6 X as long as broad; very gradually narrow towards apex; truncate at apex; truncation roundish, feebly notched at angular edge and suture; disc with 4 ashey bands; 1st basal, not extended beyond humeral angle, broader at base and attenuate posteriorly; 2nd from scutellum along suture, triangular, posterior border transverse, outer one gradually doping and widen posteriorly, this joining the 1st band at lateral deflexion, enclosing an oblique fuscous stripe; 3rd transverse, at middle, anterior border semicircular with corresponding pair on the other elytron, posterior border transverse; 4th apical, anterior border transverse or feebly oblique; a broad blackish band between 3rd and the latter. Legs : mid and hind femora rod-liked, curved near base; 1/3 of the latter extended beyond elytral apex.

Measurement : Length 8.0 - 11.0 mm; breadth 2.0 - 2.2 mm

Distribution : Sarawak; Laos

Material examined : 6 specimen, all in SM Coll. : Mt. Murud, ulu Baram, Miri Div., XI-XII, 1914; Kuching, Kuching Div., 26.IV.1900; Kuching, Kuching Div., 1.XII.1900; Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 26.V.1914; Kuching, Kuching Div., 23.IV. 1900; Mt. Merinjak (2200 ft), 25.V.1914.

Demonax ventralis GAHAN

Demonax ventralis Gahan, 1906a, J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., 1 : 113 (Malaya; BMNH). - Gressitt & Rondon, 1970, Pac. Ins, Monogr., 24 : 265.

Body black to fusco-piceous; head and prothorax with dense griscent pubescence; tip of maxillary and labial palpi testaceous; vertex with many fuscous macula; antennal segment 1 - 7 fuscous, 8 - 9 testaceous, 10 - 11 fulvous; pronotum with a median fuscous patch; elytra black with fusco-piceous and griscent pubescence forming elytral markings; undersurface entire fuscous with dense griscent pubescence except the last 3 abdominal segments; femora and tibiae castaneous, clothed with dense griscent pubescence; mid and hind femora with sparse tawny bristles in addition; hind tarsus testaceous.

Head vertical; anterior truncate when mandible closed properly; clypeus a little oblique with frons, punctulate, pubescent; frons planate; gena short, at most 1/3 as deep as eye; a weak glabrous median sulcus in between antennal insertion; the latter slightly raised, concave; vertex very pubescent with 10 macula on each side of median sulcus; neck bare, short, transversely striate. Antenna a little shorter than body in ; segment 3 as long as scape, longer than 4; 3 & 4 spined endoapically, spines half as long as 4; 5 subequal to 3; apical segments slender, cylindrical. Prothorax cydariform; feebly swollen; as wide as base of elytra; densely and evenly pubescent; anterior of pronotum granulo-punctate, middle and side carinulate or reticulo-rugulose. Scutellum triangular, investitus. Elytron 6 X as long as broad; parallel; apex subtransversely truncate with an angular spine very near to outer margin; disc with 4 bands; 1st basal, rounded posteriorly; 2nd begins from scutellum, curved outwards and posteriorly until reaching outer margin, hind border transverse; 3rd triangular, front boarder oblique backward and hind boarder forward, base touching suture at middle, tip touching outer elytral margin; 4th apical. Abdomen : first two basal segments very pubescent, remainder investitus or barely pubescent. Legs mid femora subcylidrical, base decurved; hind femora slender, cylindrical, apex reaching tip of elytra; first hind tarsal segment 2 X as long as 2 + 3 united.

Measurement : Length 8.2 mm (); breadth 1.7 mm ()

Distribution : Sarawak; Laos; Peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor).

Known habitat : in clearings

Material examined : 1 [FN 87-0701] Forescom, Beluru Forest Reserve, 17.VIII.1987, Sarkawai (For. Dept. Coll.); 13 specimens, all in SM Coll. : 5 ex., Mt. Sibau, Balai Ringin Protected Forest, Samarahan Div., V-VI. 1902; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 15.VI.1911; Matang Road, Kuching Div., 16.II.1910; Matang (3000 ft), Kuching Div., 22.V.1910; Limbang, Limbang Div., IV.1910; Kuching, Kuching Div., 18.V.1903; Kuching, Kuching Div., 21.IV.1914; Siol, Kuching Div., 30.V.1910; Bidi ?,  21.X.1911 (Length 9.0 - 12.0 mm; bredth 2.0 - 2.5 mm).

Demonax detortus PASCOE

Demonax detortus Pasc., 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, ser 3, 3 : 624. - Aurivillius, 1912, Coleopt. Cat., 39 : 409. - Hudepohl, 1992a, Entomofauna, 13 (21) : 319, fig. 38.

Labrum and mouth parts castaneous; clypeus helvus-testaceous; head and prothorax black with ashey pubescence; antennae black, ashey pubescence denser on apical segments making the tip look whitish; pronotum with a blackish transverse band at middle; scutellum ashey; elytra black as ground color, markings comprised of ashey and blackish pubescence; undersurfaces black with thin whitish pubescence except for posterior hlaf of episternum of meso- and metathorax which is dense chalky-white; legs including tarsus black, pubescence ashey.

Head elongated; narrower than prothorax; mandible equidistant triangular, entire inner half glassy; labrum semicircular; clypeus corneous, constrastingly different color than surrounding; frons longer than broad with a median carina; apex narrower; vertex with many blackish glabrous spots. Antenna shorter than body; tip extended to half of elytra. Prothorax cydariform, widest at apex, even wider than elytra; apex subequal to base, both narrower than elytra; side strongly convex; both sides of blackish fascia reticulo-punctate, favose; remaining area on disc variable, from finely carinulate with wide interspace to coarsely granulate; latero-posterior of side with blackish glabrous spots as those on vertex. Scutellum equidistant triangular. Elytron 6 X as long as broad; gradually narrower towards apex; subtransversely truncate with a long angular spine; disc convex with 4 ashey bands as follow :- 1st basal, extended to humeral angle where it bent 90º and attenuate to 1/4 from base; 2nd a little behind scutellum, triangular on sutural half, anterior border oblique, posterior border transverse at 1/3 from base, it abruptly bent upward below attenuated tip of 1st towards humerali, acutely deflexted again at half way forming a sagitiate mark on marginal half, 3rd at middle, broad, anterior border semicircular, posterior border transverse; 4th apical; blackish markings as follow :- (i) V-shaped, inner arm united at suture below scutellum forming a W-letter with corresponding half on the other elytron; (ii) 2nd before middle, sutural half transverse, marginal irregularly widen, (iii) 3rd broad, transverse band between 3rd ashey and apical ashey band; all ashey and blackish bands or stripes separated. Legs : 1/3 of hind femora extended beyond elytra; first hind tarsal segment 2 X as long as 2+3 united.

Measurement : Length 13.0 mm; breadth 3.2 mm
Distribution : Sarawak; Philippines
Material examined : 1 specimen in SM Coll. : Kuching, Kuching Div., II.1907.

Demonax lumawigi HUDEPOHL

Demonax lumawigi Hudepohl, 1992a, Entomaofauna, 13 (21) : 320 (Luzon), fig. 40.

Body generally black with griscent pubescence; head and prothorax evenly covered with griscent pubescence; vertex with several laterad coarse fuscous spots; antennae entire black, pubescence ashy, segment 5 - 7 somewhat denser and more whitish, less so on 1 - 4 and 8 - 11; pronotum with two separated guttiform fuscous patches side of middle that strongly angulated externally; scutellum black with dense ahsy pubescence; elytra black with dense fuscous pubescence, markings made of griscent pubescence; anterior of prosternum with a semicircular glabrous and shinny fuscous patch; sternum fuscous with dense albus pubescence; legs black.

Head raised between antennal insertion, concave; anterior of frons feebly hollow out at side; gena moderated exserted. Antenna shorter than body in both sexes, reaching 2/3 of elytra in , barely 1/2 in ; scape as long as segment 4, punctulate and piliferous; 3 slightly longer than scape; 3 & 4 spilled endoapically, apex of spine aculeate; 5 - 7 subequal, as long as 3; 8 - 11 subequal, half as long as 5. Prothorax 1.5 X as long as broad in , only slightly longer in ; cydariform; side rounded and convex; middle as wide as elytra; entirely pubescent; disc weakly reticulate; pronotum with two angulated guttiform patches at middle. Elytron 6 X as long as broad; parallel, gradually rounded at 1/5 from apex; obliquely truncated with a produced angular cusp; disc with 4 markings; 1st basal, outer boarder abruptly bent backward from humeral, inner boarder gradually curved posteriorly from scutellum, attenuate and angulate at 1/5 from base; 2nd sutural, little behind scutellum, excurved to middle of disc and abruptly bent outwards reaching outer margin, posterior boarder transverse; 3rd at middle, sutural, rounded in front, oblique laterally, posterior boarder transverse; 4th apical, 1/5 form apex, margin transverse. Abdomen not exposed in , last segment of exposed. Legs : fore femur fusiform at dorsal, ventral linear; hind femur slender and cylindrical, barely reaching elytral apex in , 1/3 longer than elytra in ; first hind tarsal segment 2 X as long as 2 + 3 united.

Measurement : Length 9.0 - 9. 1 mm (); 13.4 mm ()
Breadth 2.0 - 2.5 mm (); 2.4 mm ()

Distribution : Sarawak; Philippines

Known habitat : old secondary peat swamp forest 

Host : known to attracted to Ramin logs

Note : very much similar to viverra (Pascoe) at first look. However, lumawigi Hudepohl can be diffenciate by having (i) aculeate endoapical spine (ii) divided pronotal patches, (iii) ashy scutellum and (iv) 1st elytral marking that attenuate and angulate posteriorly. This species differ from detortus pascoe in having a perfect transverse 2nd ashey band extended to external margin.

Material examined : 1 [FN 85-1360], L. Trading Camp., Limbang, Limb Div., 16.X.1985, Haidir Nasi (For. Dept. Coll.); Kuching, Kuching Div., 25.XI.1903 (SM Coll.).; 1 [518], Sedilo Forest Reserve, Simunjan, Samarahan Div., 2.XI.1995, C. K. Lim & Wahap Marni (UNIMAS Coll.)