S y s t e m a t i c A c c o u n t
FAMILY CERAMBYCIDAE
CERAMBYCIDAE Leach, 1815 - 1817, Zool. Misc., 3 (loc. cit.). - Ganglbauer, 1881, (Bestimm.-Tabell. Eur. Col. 7) Verh. zool.-bot. Ges, Wien, 31 (loc. cit.). - Gahan, 1906b, Fauna British India, Col., 1 : 1. -Aurivillius, 1912, Coleopt. Cat., 39 : 3. - Gressitt, 1940, Philip. J. Sci., 72 (1-2) : 10; 1951c, Longicornia 2 : 8. - Gressitt & Rondon, 1970, Pac. Ins. Monogr, 24 : 11.
LONGICORNIA Leconte, 1862, Proc. Acad, Sci. Philadelphia, 14 :38 (loc. cit.). - Pascoe, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., ser 3, 3 : 3.
CERAMBYCIDES Thomson, 1864, Syst. Ceramb. (loc, cit.).
LONGICORNES Lacordaire, 1869, Gen. Col., 8 : 5 (loc. cit.).
DIAGNOSIS : head oblique or vertical; mentum transverse, maxillary palpi 4segmented; labial palpi 3-segmented; clypeo-frontal suture distinct; antennae generally longer than body, 11-segmented (rarely 12segmented); episternum of metathorax almost parallel; fore tibiae never groove ventrally; tarsi 5-segmented, third segment more or less bilobe, fourth minute and concealed in the third; most adult are elongated and slender with 5 to 6 visible sterna.
This family has been considered by many authors to represent a suborder, or superfamily Longicornia, of the order Coleoptera (Gressitt, 1940). In Sarawak, this family is represented by 4 subfamilies, namely Proninae, Cerambycinae, Lamiinae and Lepturinae. The main characters used in separating these subfamilies are the position of the head (Fig. 1), the last maxillary palpal segment (Fig. 2) and lateral ridge of prothorax. All terms used are in accordance with those used by C. J. Gahan (1906b).
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| Head of Nyphasia pascoei Lac. |
Underside of head of Oxymirus cursor Linn. |
Figure
1. Upper and lower surfaces of head (after Gahan, 1906b)
fr, front; frs,
frontal suture; gen, gena; cl,
clypeus; acl, anteclypeus;
lb,
labrum; md,
mandible; gul, gula; gen, gena; sm,
submentum; m, mentum; l,
labium; mx, maxilla;
md,
mandible.
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| a | b |
Figure
2. Ventral view of mouthpart showing (a) 4 X, mentigerous gula of Hoplocerambyx
spinicornis (New.) and (b) 10 X, non-mentigerous gula of Noserius
tibialis Pasc.
md, mandible; m,
mentum; mx, maxilla; ga,
galea; lac, lacinia.
Key to the subfamilies of Cerambycidae of Sarawak
1. Head
usually oblique; genal margin not directed posteriorly; fore tibia without mesial sinus; mid
tibia never notched or grooved externally; last maxillary palpal segment obtuse or truncate apically.
...............................................2
Head vertical in front; genal
margin directed posteriorly; fore tibia with mesial sinus; mid tibia notched or grooved externally;
last maxillary palpal segment acute. - Lamiinae
2(1) Prothorax without lateral margin; labrum free;
lacinia well developed; fore coxa rounded, rarely
transverse; mesonotum usually with striated stridulatory area.
.....................................................................................................
3
Prothorax with complete lateral margin, usually with stout
spine; labrum fused with epistoma; lacinia. vestigial; fore coxa cavity
transverse, projecting end nearly reaching lateral margin. - Prioninae
3(2)
Stridulatory plate of mesonotum divided; head usually constricted behind eyes; intermaxillary process present in front of
gula. - Lepturinae
Stridulatory plate of masonotum not divided; head not
constricted behind eyes; intermaxillary process absent. - Cerambycinae
SUBFAMILY CERAMBYCINAE
CERAMBYCINAE Gahan, 1906b, Fauna British India, Col. 1 : 90. - Aurivillius, 1912, coleopt. Cat., 39 : 3. - Gressitt, 1940, Philip. J. Sci., 72 (1-2) 35.; 1951c, Longicornia 2 : 127. - Gressitt & Rondon, 1970, Pac. Ins. Monogr., 24 : 42.
CERAMBYCITAE Thomson, 1864, Syst. Ceramb., 157-270, 332-336, 414-464. (loc. cit.).
CERAMBYCIDAE Pascoe, 1869, Trans, Ent. Sonc, Lond., ser 3, 3 : 497. - Bates, 1879, Biol. Centr-Americana, 5 : 13 (loc. cit.).
CERAMBYCIDES Lacordaire, 1869, Gen. Col., 8 : 192 (loc. cit.).
CERAMBYCINI Ganglbauer, 1881, (Beatimm.-Tabell. Eur. Col. 7) Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 31 : 687 (loc. cit.).
DIAGNOSIS : head oblique, rarely narrowed behind eye; mandible never with aligamentous fringe or molar tooth at base; last maxillary palpal segment obtuse or truncate; antennal insertion close to eyes; prothorax not marginate at sides; external margin of mid tibiae never notche; wing venation reduced, CU2 absent.
The division of tribes in this subfamily is based on the three of the following prominent characters: the omatidia size; form of the mid coxal cavity (Fig. 3) and shape of fore coxal cavity (Fig. 4). Other diagnostic characters include the absence or presence of antennal spine, shape of fore coxae, length and shape of elyrtra, appearance of femora and tibia, relative size of scutellum and the possession of scent pore.
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| a | b |
Figure
3. (a) Sternum of Oxymirus, cursor, Linn.,
showing the front and middle coxal cavities open. (b) Sternum of Nyphasia
pascoei, Lac., showing the fornt and middle coxal cavities closed (after
Gahan, 1906b).
St.1, St.2 & St.3, pro-,
meso-, and metasternum; epm1,
epm2 & epm3,
epimera of pro-, meso- and metathorax; eps2 &
eps3,
episterna of meso- and metathorax; p,
pbre.
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| a | b | c |
Figure 4. Fore coxal cavity showing (a) 7 X, angulated cavity of Xystrocera festiva Th., (b) 10 X, weakly angulated cavity of Gnatholea. Subnuda Lac. and (c) 12 X, rounded cavity of Euryphagus lundii (Fab.).
Key to the tribes of Cerambycinae of Sarawak
(This key is adapted with slight modification from Gressitt & Rondon, 1970, Cerambycids of Laos, Pac. Ins. Monogr. 24 : 42 - 43)
1.
Eye coarsely facetted.
........
.2
Eye finely facetted. .........
.6
2(1)
Mid coxal cavity open to epimeron. ......
3
Mid coxal cavity closed to epimeron.
5
3(2) Gula
without mentigerous process; dorsum of pronotum granulose; intercoxal
process of prosternum narrow, rarely broaden distally or fore coxae contigeous.
............................................
4
Gula with
mentigerous process (or submentum very distinct); dorsum of pronotum wrinkled; intercoxal process of prosternum wide,
broaden distally. - Cerambycini
4(3) Fore
coxa prominent, conical or subconical, its cavity strongly angulated externally;
antenna generally without long hairs or ciliated . -
Methiini
Fore coxa globose, its cavity weakly angulated
externally; antenna usually with long hairs or
ciliated beneath. - Hesperophanini
5(2)
Antennal segment not spined. - Callidiopini
Some of basal antennal segments
spined endoapically. - Phoracanthini
6(1)
Mid coxal cavity open to epimeron
externally
.......7
Mid coxal cavity close to epimeron
externally
....... 15
7(6)
Hind tibiae normal or compressed
laterally .
..8
Hind tibiae compressed anterior-posteriorly. - Dejanirini
8(7)
Fore coxal cavity opened posteriorly.
9
Fore
coxal cavity completely or almost entirely closed posteriorly. ...
..12
9(8) Fore
coxal cavity angulated externally. ...
10
Fore
coxal cavity rounded externally. - Rosaliini
10(9) Posterior
end of epipleura of metathorax not produced. .
...
11
Posterior end of epipleura of metathorax produced
over angle of first abdominal
sternite. - Clytini
11(10) Elytra
strongly dehiscent, elongated and narrowed; metasternum. without
scent pore. - Thranini
Elytra normal; scent pore present on posterior of
metasternum. - Purpuricenini
12(8) Fore coxal cavity rounded externally; elytra
not abbreviated (except for genus Nothopeus). ..............................................
..13
Fore coxal cavity angulated externally; elytra
acutely abbreviated. - Molorchini
13(12) Scutellum small, usually not angulated;
without scent pore. .
14
Scutellum relatively large,
pointed posteriorly or acutely attenuate; posterior end of metasternum with scent pore. - Callichromini
14(13)
Legs long; hind femora exceeding apex of
elytra; body entirely black. - Prothemini
Legs very short; hind femora not exceeding apex of
elytra; body usually mixture of red and black, shinny. - Pyrestini
15(6)
Eye emarginate or divided; tarsal claws
widely divergent or divaricate. ...16
Eye not emarginate; tarsal claws narrowly divergent;
usually very small size (~ 4 mm). - Tillomorphini
16(15)
Eye lateral, not extending into frons. - Cleomenini
Eye prominent, notched into frons or beyond genal
margin . - Glaucytini